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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

A coagulation disorder characterized by extensive formation of thrombi in small blood vessels throughout the body due to low levels of ADAMTS13 protein, and resulting in consumption of circulating platelets, which is characterized by thrombocytopenia, anemia, neurologic changes, and sometimes fever and renal dysfunction.

Symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following features are indicative of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • bleeding into the skin
  • bleeding in mucous membranes
  • fever
  • headache
  • shortness of breath
  • confusion
  • pale skin
  • fast heart rate
  • fatigue
  • weakness
It is possible that Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura shows no physical symptoms and still is present in a patient.

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Common Causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following are the most common causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • cancer
  • chemotherapy
  • hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  • hormone replacement therapy
  • certain medicines like ticlopidine, clopidogrel, guinine, and cyclosporine A
  • lack of activity in the ADAMTS13 enzyme

Other Causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following are the less common causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • HIV infection

Risk Factors for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following factors may increase the likelihood of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • pregnant women
  • patients affected with cancer
  • patients affected with HIV
  • patients affected with lupus
  • surgery including blood and marrow stem cell transplant
  • chemotherapy
  • quinine intake
  • mostly occurs in adults
  • mostly occurs in women than men
  • affects black people more than white people

Prevention of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Yes, it may be possible to prevent Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Prevention may be possible by doing the following:
  • genetic counselling

Occurrence of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Number of Cases

The following are the number of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura cases seen each year worldwide:
  • Rare between 10K - 50K cases

Common Age Group

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura most commonly occurs in the following age group:
  • Aged between 20-50 years

Common Gender

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura can occur in any gender.

Lab Tests and Procedures for Diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following lab tests and procedures are used to detect Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • Blood test: To determine the number of blood cells
  • Physical examination: To view the signs of bleeding and detect the Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Platelet count: This test counts the number of platelets
  • Bilirubin test: Level of bilirubin is checked
  • Urine test: To check protein or blood cells in urine
  • Coombs test: To detect the cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Lactate dehydrogenase test: To measures the protein called Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • ADAMTS13 assay: To check the ADAMTS13 enzyme activity

Doctor for Diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Patients should visit the following specialists if they have symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • Hematologist

Complications of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura if untreated

Yes, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura causes complications if it is not treated. Below is the list of complications and problems that may arise if Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura is left untreated:
  • kidney failure
  • thrombocytopenia
  • stroke
  • nervous system problems
  • hemorrhage
  • can be fatal

Procedures for Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following procedures are used to treat Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
  • Surgery: Removal of spleen causes inhibition of the production of antibodies that block the ADAMTS13 enzyme

Patient Support for Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The following actions may help Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura patients:
  • Join online support groups: Provides better research for prevention of symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Time for Treatment of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

While time-period of treatment for each patient may vary, below is the typical time-period for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura to resolve if treated properly under an expert supervision:
  • In 1 - 4 weeks

Last updated date

This page was last updated on 2/04/2019.
This page provides information for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
Thrombocytopenia
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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