A neurological disorder presenting in childhood that is characterized by motor and/or phonic tics that occur daily or nearly daily for one to twelve months and are not attributed to an identifiable cause.
Symptoms of Tic Disorders
The following features are indicative of Tic Disorders:
excessive eye blinking
grimaces of the face
involuntary head shaking
nose twitching
arm flapping
shoulder jerking
fatigue
foot stomping
coughing
grunting sound
throat clearing
lip biting
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Common Causes of Tic Disorders
The following are the most common causes of Tic Disorders:
mutation in the SLITRK1 gene
family history
Risk Factors for Tic Disorders
The following factors may increase the likelihood of Tic Disorders:
family history
males
Prevention of Tic Disorders
No, it is not possible to prevent Tic Disorders.
genetic mutations in the SLITRK1 gene
Occurrence of Tic Disorders
Number of Cases
The following are the number of Tic Disorders cases seen each year worldwide:
Common between 1 - 10 Million cases
Common Age Group
Tic Disorders most commonly occurs in the following age group:
Aged between 3-12 years
Common Gender
Tic Disorders can occur in any gender.
Lab Tests and Procedures for Diagnosis of Tic Disorders
The following lab tests and procedures are used to detect Tic Disorders:
Physical examination: To examine the sign and symptoms of chronic motor tic disorder
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging): To provide information about the brain
CT scan (Computerized tomography): To examine neurophysiological abnormalities
EEG (electroencephalogram): To evaluate the electrical activity in the brain
Complications of Tic Disorders if untreated
Yes, Tic Disorders causes complications if it is not treated. Below is the list of complications and problems that may arise if Tic Disorders is left untreated:
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
autism spectrum disorder
learning disabilities
sleep disorders
depression
anxiety disorders
anger-management problems
Procedures for Treatment of Tic Disorders
The following procedures are used to treat Tic Disorders:
Deep brain stimulation: Implants a battery-operated medical device in the brain to deliver electrical stimulation
Alternative Medicine for Treatment of Tic Disorders
The following alternate medicine and therapies are known to help in the treatment or management of Tic Disorders:
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): A kind of talk therapy, helps to deal with symptoms and also improve social and emotional problems
Psychotherapy: Helps coping with accompanying problems, such as ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), obsessions, depression or anxiety
Patient Support for Treatment of Tic Disorders
The following actions may help Tic Disorders patients:
Local Tourette Association: It can help you connect with other families
Parent-to-Parent Programs: It provides information and emotional support to families of children with Tourette's Syndrome
Time for Treatment of Tic Disorders
While time-period of treatment for each patient may vary, below is the typical time-period for Tic Disorders to resolve if treated properly under an expert supervision: